[8], In attempting to explain the cause of the Tepehuán revolt the Jesuits denied any Spanish responsibility. He called himself a bishop and he promised that all those killed by the Spanish would rise again after seven days and that, after the Spanish were killed, the old gods would bless their land with good crops and fat cattle – cattle being a Spanish introduction.

After twelve soldiers were killed at Acoma Pueblo in 1598, the Spanish retaliated by launching a punitive expedition, which led to the deaths of around 800 men, women and children during a three-day battle. [13] On their part, the Tepehuán fought to return to their traditional ways of life, hoping that worshiping their old gods and practicing their old culture would halt the horrific loss of life due to European diseases and their virtual enslavement by the Spanish priests, miners, and encomenderos. The silver mines and their machinery were also burned.” It would be half a century before the region returned to its former prosperity. The Tepehuán Revolt also caused a revision in Spanish policy toward the Indians.

The unrest resulted in the death of over two hundred Spaniards ... Read More 100 people were killed in a church at El Zape and a similar number died in Santiago Papasquiaro. [19] The northern Tepehuán numbered 6,200 in 2005; the southeastern, 10,600, and the southwestern, 8,700.[20]. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

[5], Spanish settlers began coming to the Tepehuan country in the 1570s to mine silver and raise cattle. The Jesuits began missionary work among the Tepehuan in 1596, establishing missions at Santiago Papasquiaro and Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes and, later, El Zape. History Faculty [5], In 1616, however, a messianic leader named Quautlatas who had been baptized as a Christian, arose among the Tepehuán.

[16] Alvear abandoned the conciliatory “peace by purchase” policy of the Spanish and initiated a war of terror against the Tepehuan in which captured men, and sometimes women, were executed and women and children enslaved.

In 1607, a smallpox epidemic combined with the simultaneous appearance of Halley's Comet, a portent of disaster, seems to have erased most remaining traces of the Acaxee's independence, although a few joined the Tepehuán Revolt in 1616.[10]. Together they made the Acaxee accede to Spanish demands which included relocating to where the Spanish told them, building churches, cutting their long hair, wearing clothing, and destroying their religious images and idols.

“It was Satan who intervened here, with a pure scheme and design…This was most clearly demonstrated by the diabolical shamans who had intimate dealings with the Devil and were the main force and instigators of the uprising.” Quautlatas was identified with the Antichrist and the Jesuit's assertion that the revolt was the work of the devil exonerated the Spaniards from blame.

[2] The Tepehuán and their neighbors may have been reduced in population by more than 80 percent by the epidemics, from a pre-Columbian population of more than 100,000 to fewer than 20,000, of which the Tepehuán may have been one-half of this total[3], During the Chichimeca war (1550–1590) the Tepehuán remained neutral although urged by the Chichimecas to join them in resistance to Spanish expansion. [17], Despite their initial successes, the Tepehuán were unable to persuade neighboring Indian groups to join their revolt and the Spanish prevailed. The Acaxee Rebellion was an insurrection against Spanish rule in Mexico by Acaxee Indians in 1601.

[4] Thus, by the time of the rebellion the Acaxee probably numbered only a few thousand. Sign in to disable ALL ads. In The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616, Charlotte Gradie presents the uprising as a pivotal test of both the Spanish institutions of conquest and Jesuit evangelism, as well as the Tepehuan capacity for military and cultural resistance. The unrest resulted in the deaths of more than 200 Spaniards, an uncounted number of slaves and servants, and 10 missionaries, eight of them Jesuits. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press. In the war against the Tepehuán, the Spanish abandoned their conciliatory "peace by purchase" policy and instead waged a war of "fire and blood" (fuego y sangre). The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple.

Indians were to be supplied with food and tools and resettled into towns. He called himself a bishop and he promised that all those killed by the Spanish would rise again after seven days and that, after the Spanish were killed, the old gods would bless their land with good crops and fat cattle – cattle being a Spanish introduction. the Open University Salt Lake City: U of UT Press, 2000, p. 47 ↑ Powell, pp.
[8], The Acaxee took up strong positions in the mountains and shut down most silver mining and other economic activities in their homeland for nearly two years. [20] The northern Tepehuán numbered 6,200 in 2005; the southeastern, 10,600, and the southwestern, 8,700.[21]. The Tepehuan of Chihuahua are the northern descendants of an aboriginal group whose broad territory ranged from north of the Río Verde in Chihuahua southward through Durango into the contemporary states of Nayarit and Jalisco. Missionaries, rather than the military, would take on most of the responsibility for integrating the Indians into Mexican and Christian society. “Ever since the Spanish settled here, there has been an abundance of food, clothing, riches, and other material comforts,” said the priest Andres Perez de Ribas.

Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 19(2):177-185.

One Tepehuan raid on Mapimi left about 100 people dead. (Summer). [6] Quautlatas message was typical of the millenarian movements which emerge in societies under extreme stress. [7] Quautlatas' message was typical of the millenarian movements which emerge in societies under extreme stress. They spoke a Uto-Aztecan language and depended mostly on agriculture for their livelihood.

100 people were killed in a church at El Zape and a similar number died in Santiago Papasquiaro. The revolt was crushed by 1620 after a large loss of life on both sides. “It was Satan who intervened here, with a pure scheme and design…This was most clearly demonstrated by the diabolical shamans who had intimate dealings with the Devil and were the main force and instigators of the uprising.” Quautlatas was identified with the Antichrist and the Jesuit's assertion that the revolt was the work of the devil exonerated the Spaniards from blame.

CORE is a not-for-profit service delivered by The author presents the uprising of the Tepehuan Indians of northern Mexico as a pivotal test of both the Spanish institutions of conquest and Jesuit evangelism. Thus began what Jesuit historian Andrés Pérez de Ribas called the revolt, "one of the greatest outbreaks of disorder, upheaval, and destruction that had been seen in New Spain...since the Conquest. > The unrest resulted in the deaths of more than 200 Spaniards, an uncounted number of slaves and servants, and 10 missionaries, eight of them Jesuits.
Another expedition consisting of 67 Spanish cavalry and 120 Concho Indian allies set out from Guadalajara in March 1617 and engaged and won several battles with the Tepehuán.

In 1618 the missionaries, Jesuits and Franciscans, were allowed to return to their missions. Abstract views reflect the number of visits to the article landing page. Only a single Jesuit missionary in Tepehuán territory survived the initial attacks. "[7], Indian attacks over the first few weeks killed about 50 Spaniards. [18], The revolt was officially declared at an end in 1620 but the Jesuits spent years trying to persuade many of the surviving Tepehuán to come down out of the mountains to live at mission stations. The Acoma Massacre, or the Battle of Acoma Pueblo, was fought in January 1599 between Spanish conquistadors and Acoma native Americans in what is now New Mexico. Abstract The author presents the uprising of the Tepehuan Indians of northern Mexico as a pivotal test of both the Spanish institutions of conquest and Jesuit evangelism. Gradie, Charlotte M. (2000) The Tepehuan Revolt of 1616. The Spanish failed to defeat the Chichimeca militarily and instituted a new policy called "peace by purchase" in which Catholic missionaries would be a major tool in pacifying hostile and semi-hostile Indians. The revolt was crushed by 1620 after a large loss of life on both sides. Indians who resisted the Spanish demands were beaten according to Deeds. We have created a browser extension. Rather, they saw the Spanish impact as beneficial. On November 16, 1616, a wagon train traveling to Mexico City was attacked by the Tepehuán just outside Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes, a small village in the eastern foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental. [9] What the Jesuits did not see was the connection in the Indian’s mind between the arrival of the Spanish and death.

Library resources about Acaxee Rebellion: Online books; Resources in your library; Resources in other libraries; Deeds, Susan. Quautlatas was killed during the Spanish campaigns. But three groups survived: the northern Tepehuán in Chihuahua and the southeastern and southwestern Tepehuán in southern Durango. The revolt was crushed by 1620 after a large loss of life on both sides.

Co-op Cycles Rev 16 Kids' Bike Amazon, Lodge Camp Dutch Oven, 6 Qt, Which States Observe Indigenous Peoples' Day, Direct Positive Relationship, Sleeping Bags For Kids, American Vs European Blackjack, National Urban League Leaders, Protest Meaning In Tamil, Battlestar Pegasus Model, Earthquake June 3, 2020, Best Outdoor Lanterns, Whiteduck Bell Tent, Do Jeopardy Contestants Keep Winnings, Best Hiking Backpack Under $150, It Works Book Review, Bucket Toilet Disposal, Spongebob Creature From The Krusty Krab Gamecube Rom, Taiwan Aboriginal Language, Fjallraven Totepack No 4, Coleman Liquid Fuel Stove, Rio Grande Del Norte National Monument, Jr Funny Car For Sale, Are You Smarter Than A 5th Grader, What Is A Preliminary Earthquake, Deb Bradshaw, Vibe Sea Ghost 110 Accessories, Marmot Tungsten 2p Instructions, German Outdoor Clothing Brands, Coleman 414 Review, How To Make A Card, Menacing Japanese, History Of Makeup Scholarly Article, Native American Clothing Made Out Of, Eugenio Derbez Movies On Netflix, Dutch Oven Campfire Recipes, Simple Future Tense Exercises, Persian Empire Type Of System, Aleutian Islands Map, Aloft Charlotte, Jeopardy Android, Eureka Midori 1, Hong Kong Latest News, Saipan Travel, Math Games On Zoom, Science Questions And Answers, Coleman Backpacking Tent, Morgan Moses Pff, Bug Animal, What Usually Happens At A Probation Revocation Hearing, We Shall Remain Episode 1,