Led again by Colonel Yamasaki, the attack penetrated so deep into U.S. lines that Japanese soldiers encountered rear-echelon units of the Americans. The U.S. Navy, having broken the Japanese naval codes, knew this was just a diversion,[disputed – discuss] and it did not expend large amounts of effort in defending the islands. He came out of the war suffering from emphysema. As they stretch like a broken bridge from the continent Asia to the continent North America, many anthropologists hypothesize they were a route of the first human occupants of the Americas. Enabled. New buildings included a Methodist mission and orphanage, and the headquarters for a considerable fleet of United States revenue cutters, which patrolled the sealing grounds of the Pribilof Islands. The Aleutian archipelago is made up of 14 large and 55 smaller islands, and several islets. As a result, they did little damage to the base. Nearby Parks. The 87th Regiment of the 10th Mountain Division, the only major U.S. force specifically trained for mountain warfare, was also part of the operation. 8:40am4:45pm AKST. This change of direction corresponds to a curve in the line of volcanic fissures that have contributed their products to the building of the islands. Most of the Aleutian Islands belong to the U.S. state of Alaska, but some belong to the Russian federal subject of Kamchatka Krai. The coasts are rocky and surf-worn, and the approaches are exceedingly dangerous, the land rising immediately from the coasts to steep, bold mountains.

[Our commanding officers] figured that the Japanese, if they wanted to, could have come up the Aleutians, taken Anchorage, and come down past down Vancouver to Seattle, Washington.[13].

[9], The great majority of the islands bear evident marks of volcanic origin, and there are numerous volcanic cones on the north side of the chain, some of them active; many of the islands, however, are not wholly volcanic, but contain crystalline or sedimentary rocks, and also amber and beds of lignite. Aleutian Islands World War II National Monument, Organization of the Imperial Japanese Navy Alaskan Strike Group, United States Army Center of Military History, "Battle for the Aleutians: WWII's Forgotten Alaskan Campaign", http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Midway.htm, http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Aleutians/USN-CN-Aleutians-3.html#page22, "Lt. Military historians believe it was a diversionary or feint attack during the Battle of Midway, meant to draw out the U.S. Pacific Fleet from Midway Atoll, as it was launched simultaneously under the same commander, Isoroku Yamamoto. The Aleutian Islands (/əˈluːʃən/;[2][3] Russian: Алеутские острова; Aleut: Unangam Tanaa, literally "Land of the Aleuts", possibly from Chukchi aliat, "island"), also called the Aleut Islands[4] or Aleutic Islands[5] and known before 1867 as the Catherine Archipelago, are a chain of 14 large volcanic islands and 55 smaller islands. Dashiell Hammett spent most of World War II as an Army sergeant in the Aleutian Islands, where he edited an Army newspaper. [citation needed] The general elevation is greatest in the eastern islands and least in the western.

Aleutian Islands, Aleutians East, Alaska, USA (54.72089 -164.04087), Yukon River, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, 99740, USA (65.50194 -150.19069), Coordinates: 60.54184 -164.76958 66.66829 -134.51873 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 5,708 m - Average elevation: 290 m, Stikine River, Wrangell, Alaska, USA (56.66775 -131.93754), Coordinates: 56.64773 -132.21905 56.97886 -131.75103 - Minimum elevation: 1 m - Maximum elevation: 2,581 m - Average elevation: 718 m, Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA (57.37149 -153.18975), Coordinates: 56.74293 -154.79900 57.99976 -152.15431 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,289 m - Average elevation: 106 m, Kenai Fjords National Park, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (59.86870 -150.02532), Coordinates: 59.43258 -150.97674 60.30457 -149.51692 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,948 m - Average elevation: 341 m, Nelson Island, Bethel, Alaska, USA (60.63260 -164.74570), Coordinates: 60.31260 -165.06570 60.95260 -164.42570 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 452 m - Average elevation: 23 m, Little Diomede Island, Diomede, Nome, Alaska, USA (65.75486 -168.92664), Coordinates: 65.73942 -168.95437 65.76988 -168.89609 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 424 m - Average elevation: 108 m, Windfall Lake, Montana Creek Trail, Juneau, Alaska, 99821, USA (58.50704 -134.72724), Coordinates: 58.50327 -134.73547 58.51065 -134.71925 - Minimum elevation: 10 m - Maximum elevation: 864 m - Average elevation: 189 m, Howe Island, North Slope, Alaska, USA (70.31523 -147.98063), Coordinates: 70.31232 -148.00347 70.31825 -147.96204 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 12 m - Average elevation: 1 m, Brooks Range, North Slope, Alaska, USA (69.27140 -144.91370), Coordinates: 69.27135 -144.91375 69.27145 -144.91365 - Minimum elevation: 1,576 m - Maximum elevation: 2,749 m - Average elevation: 2,077 m, Aialik Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (60.03296 -149.96033), Coordinates: 59.93978 -150.07198 60.11993 -149.73525 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,782 m - Average elevation: 1,228 m, Hanging Glacier, Yakutat, Alaska, USA (59.85115 -138.94721), Coordinates: 59.84572 -138.98171 59.85667 -138.91150 - Minimum elevation: 84 m - Maximum elevation: 1,687 m - Average elevation: 1,132 m, Granite Creek, Fairbanks North Star, Alaska, USA (65.01227 -147.48808), Coordinates: 65.01218 -147.48808 65.01227 -147.48772 - Minimum elevation: 298 m - Maximum elevation: 763 m - Average elevation: 491 m, Revillagigedo Island, Ketchikan Gateway, Alaska, USA (55.58101 -131.15760), Coordinates: 55.18950 -131.83458 55.97247 -130.93710 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,550 m - Average elevation: 265 m, Afognak Island, Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA (58.23607 -152.60509), Coordinates: 57.98953 -153.22385 58.48250 -151.96273 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 731 m - Average elevation: 61 m, Hubbard Glacier, Yakutat, Alaska, USA (60.08953 -139.34447), Coordinates: 60.06859 -139.37427 60.11737 -139.32910 - Minimum elevation: 214 m - Maximum elevation: 2,633 m - Average elevation: 913 m, Bering Strait, Alaska, USA (65.97249 -168.79210), Coordinates: 65.97244 -168.79215 65.97254 -168.79205 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 0 m - Average elevation: 0 m, Bear Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (60.03814 -149.84081), Coordinates: 59.94967 -149.91280 60.12698 -149.58145 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,782 m - Average elevation: 921 m, Seward, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (60.10420 -149.44261), Coordinates: 60.08446 -149.47663 60.15423 -149.27312 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,638 m - Average elevation: 511 m, Grayling Creek, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA (63.02986 -155.25239), Coordinates: 62.98030 -155.28303 63.06306 -155.22951 - Minimum elevation: 99 m - Maximum elevation: 323 m - Average elevation: 145 m, Dall Island, Prince of Wales-Hyder, Alaska, USA (54.96276 -133.04924), Coordinates: 54.66173 -133.23958 55.26379 -132.66238 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,144 m - Average elevation: 86 m, Nome, Alaska, 99762, USA (64.50111 -165.40639), Coordinates: 64.46297 -165.51666 64.56108 -165.32214 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 426 m - Average elevation: 35 m, Anderson Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (61.09400 -141.07550), Coordinates: 61.05083 -141.17872 61.18112 -140.99535 - Minimum elevation: 1,152 m - Maximum elevation: 3,620 m - Average elevation: 2,142 m, Mount Cleveland, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA (52.82325 -169.94817), Coordinates: 52.82320 -169.94822 52.82330 -169.94812 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,733 m - Average elevation: 477 m, Shield, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (60.67890 -149.47350), Coordinates: 60.66890 -149.48350 60.68890 -149.46350 - Minimum elevation: 318 m - Maximum elevation: 1,225 m - Average elevation: 600 m, Bering Hill, Adak, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, 99546, USA (51.87140 -176.67348), Coordinates: 51.87135 -176.67353 51.87145 -176.67343 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 344 m - Average elevation: 78 m, Mendenhaven, Juneau, Alaska, 99801, USA (58.39194 -134.56694), Coordinates: 58.37194 -134.58694 58.41194 -134.54694 - Minimum elevation: 6 m - Maximum elevation: 882 m - Average elevation: 162 m, Exit Glacier, Harding Ice Field Approach Trail, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (60.15056 -149.71945), Coordinates: 60.12138 -149.75407 60.18038 -149.63944 - Minimum elevation: 106 m - Maximum elevation: 1,679 m - Average elevation: 1,009 m, Hayes Glacier, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA (63.65950 -146.83206), Coordinates: 63.61884 -146.87174 63.69935 -146.71639 - Minimum elevation: 1,401 m - Maximum elevation: 4,198 m - Average elevation: 2,209 m, Grewingk Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (59.57430 -150.91966), Coordinates: 59.54237 -151.08231 59.60642 -150.82707 - Minimum elevation: 32 m - Maximum elevation: 1,679 m - Average elevation: 845 m, Prospect Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (60.02964 -149.25646), Coordinates: 60.02453 -149.26744 60.03469 -149.24787 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,300 m - Average elevation: 593 m, Shadows Glacier, Matanuska-Susitna, Alaska, USA (62.46708 -152.69331), Coordinates: 62.41680 -152.71803 62.51813 -152.59403 - Minimum elevation: 291 m - Maximum elevation: 2,687 m - Average elevation: 1,349 m, McNeil River, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA (59.05020 -154.46958), Coordinates: 58.94920 -154.66639 59.12015 -154.25878 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,473 m - Average elevation: 389 m, Hawkins Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (61.33657 -141.83101), Coordinates: 61.29446 -141.90734 61.38047 -141.73576 - Minimum elevation: 1,528 m - Maximum elevation: 4,820 m - Average elevation: 2,827 m, Meares Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (61.21554 -147.47583), Coordinates: 61.14198 -147.52951 61.29129 -147.21898 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 2,946 m - Average elevation: 1,322 m, Lagoon, Denali, Alaska, USA (63.68333 -149.85694), Coordinates: 63.66333 -149.87694 63.70333 -149.83694 - Minimum elevation: 708 m - Maximum elevation: 1,417 m - Average elevation: 974 m, Tatina Glacier, Matanuska-Susitna, Alaska, USA (62.44763 -152.81001), Coordinates: 62.40393 -152.83014 62.48757 -152.75727 - Minimum elevation: 890 m - Maximum elevation: 2,687 m - Average elevation: 1,628 m, Sunset Glacier, Denali, Alaska, USA (63.34571 -150.22850), Coordinates: 63.32469 -150.24313 63.36673 -150.12759 - Minimum elevation: 1,058 m - Maximum elevation: 2,656 m - Average elevation: 1,727 m, Worthington Glacier, Richardson Highway, Ptarmigan, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (61.16799 -145.78298), Coordinates: 61.15661 -145.83112 61.17942 -145.72626 - Minimum elevation: 383 m - Maximum elevation: 2,176 m - Average elevation: 1,150 m, Kennicott Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (61.61696 -143.09341), Coordinates: 61.48587 -143.39869 61.74543 -142.89646 - Minimum elevation: 481 m - Maximum elevation: 4,980 m - Average elevation: 1,892 m, Hidden Glacier, Yakutat, Alaska, USA (59.70734 -138.99467), Coordinates: 59.67108 -139.20005 59.74325 -138.96316 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,697 m - Average elevation: 698 m, Kuiu Island, Petersburg Borough, Alaska, USA (56.46916 -133.95945), Coordinates: 56.00051 -134.42240 56.93786 -133.68761 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,907 m - Average elevation: 136 m, Eldridge Glacier, Matanuska-Susitna, Alaska, USA (63.01365 -150.08052), Coordinates: 62.90662 -150.60695 63.12059 -149.93516 - Minimum elevation: 278 m - Maximum elevation: 3,807 m - Average elevation: 1,387 m, Unalaska Island, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA (53.62806 -166.66054), Coordinates: 53.23909 -167.85355 54.01733 -166.20604 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,805 m - Average elevation: 34 m, Umnak, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, USA (53.26667 -168.21667), Coordinates: 53.24667 -168.23667 53.28667 -168.19667 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 417 m - Average elevation: 57 m, Antler River, Juneau, Alaska, USA (58.80036 -134.80774), Coordinates: 58.76428 -134.97472 58.82481 -134.64169 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,849 m - Average elevation: 618 m, Scott Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (60.67530 -145.24095), Coordinates: 60.61332 -145.39071 60.73872 -145.02257 - Minimum elevation: 175 m - Maximum elevation: 1,952 m - Average elevation: 999 m, Baranof Island, Sitka, Alaska, USA (56.86233 -135.08332), Coordinates: 56.16128 -135.69305 57.56344 -134.61592 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 1,588 m - Average elevation: 102 m, Guyot Glacier, Yakutat, Alaska, USA (60.16063 -141.92463), Coordinates: 60.04636 -141.98941 60.27384 -141.52429 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 2,906 m - Average elevation: 986 m, Grinnell Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA (60.71345 -144.82736), Coordinates: 60.70321 -144.84712 60.72359 -144.76028 - Minimum elevation: 123 m - Maximum elevation: 1,896 m - Average elevation: 948 m, Mount Alyeska, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (60.95925 -149.05614), Coordinates: 60.95920 -149.05619 60.95930 -149.05609 - Minimum elevation: 84 m - Maximum elevation: 1,317 m - Average elevation: 587 m, Aleutian Islands, Aleutians East, Alaska, USA, Yukon River, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, 99740, USA, Kenai Fjords National Park, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Little Diomede Island, Diomede, Nome, Alaska, USA, Windfall Lake, Montana Creek Trail, Juneau, Alaska, 99821, USA, Aialik Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Granite Creek, Fairbanks North Star, Alaska, USA, Revillagigedo Island, Ketchikan Gateway, Alaska, USA, Afognak Island, Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA, Bear Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Grayling Creek, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA, Dall Island, Prince of Wales-Hyder, Alaska, USA, Anderson Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA, Mount Cleveland, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA, Bering Hill, Adak, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, 99546, USA, Exit Glacier, Harding Ice Field Approach Trail, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Hayes Glacier, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA, Grewingk Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Prospect Glacier, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Shadows Glacier, Matanuska-Susitna, Alaska, USA, McNeil River, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA, Hawkins Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA, Meares Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA, Tatina Glacier, Matanuska-Susitna, Alaska, USA, Worthington Glacier, Richardson Highway, Ptarmigan, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA, Kennicott Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA, Kuiu Island, Petersburg Borough, Alaska, USA, Eldridge Glacier, Matanuska-Susitna, Alaska, USA, Unalaska Island, Unorganized Borough, Alaska, USA, Umnak, Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, USA, Scott Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA, Grinnell Glacier, Valdez-Cordova, Alaska, USA.

The Aleutian islands form the northernmost section of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

The Army Air Force's Eleventh Air Force consisted of 10 B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers and 34 B-18 Bolo medium bombers at Elmendorf Airfield, and 95 P-40 Warhawk fighters divided between Fort Randall AAF at Cold Bay and Fort Glenn AAF on Umnak. Also, 614 Americans died from disease, and 318 from miscellaneous causes, mainly Japanese booby traps or friendly fire.

The largest of those is Unimak Island, with an area of 1,571.41 mi2 (4,069.9 km2), followed by Unalaska Island, the only other Aleutian Island with an area over 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2). Aleutian Islands on May 15, 2014, by NASA's Aqua satellite. Castner's Cutthroats were part of the force, but the invasion consisted mainly of units from the U.S. 7th Infantry Division. The Aleutian Islands were designated a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1976. [9], These volcanic islands reach heights of 6,200 feet (1,900 m). The islands' strategic value was their ability to control Pacific transportation routes, which is why U.S. General Billy Mitchell stated to the U.S. Congress in 1935, "I believe that in the future, whoever holds Alaska will hold the world.

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