The Survey has developed several types of hazard maps for different types of earthquake- and fault-related hazards: The maps are used by state and local governments to develop and update hazard-mitigation and response plans, and to mark geologically hazardous areas. The Cascadia subduction zone off the Washington and Oregon coast is capable of some of the largest earthquakes in the world. Most faults in Washington are a mix of a strike-slip fault and a thrust or reverse fault. Many landslide-prone areas of Washington are also located near active faults. Please visit our Geologic Information Portal and Geologic Hazard Maps page for the most up-to-date listing of all of our hazard maps. Once in the open, Drop, Cover, and Hold On. Click the "Seismogenic Features" button in the Map Contents window to display faults and earthquakes. In addition, the Survey performs seismic safety evaluations of schools. The PNSN is the authoritative seismic network for Washington and Oregon state. This is called liquefaction and is discussed in the next section. The most important thing you can do before the next earthquake is to prepare. Some types of seismic energy (P waves) are similar to sound energy that is released if you break a twig or slide a chair across the floor. A special type of shallow fault, called a subduction zone or ‘megathrust’, occurs where an oceanic plate moves beneath a continental plate. Other faults are inactive and are left over from much older periods of deformation. Hold on to any sturdy shelter until the shaking stops. Often this cracking happens because a soft part of the ground liquefies during the shaking. Small normal faults are found along the top of folds in eastern Washington in the Saddle Mountain graben. The Geologic Information Portal has a Natural Hazards theme that shows active faults and earthquakes. Photo from, This image shows the how the 1700 AD tsunami from the Pacific Northwest crossed the Pacific Ocean. Volcanoes & Earthquakes: Upgrade the Volcanoes & Earthquakes app! Visit our School Seismic Safety page for more information. In Seattle, the quake damaged buildings, weakened bridges, started fires and opened cracks in the earth.

Most faults are considered active if they have evidence for movement (this includes earthquakes) within the past 12,000 years (the Holocene time period). Geologists have used the location of these shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes to learn about subduction zones throughout the world. Hover over a cluster of earthquakes to learn about the different types in the Pacific Northwest. This movement created a tsunami in Puget Sound and triggered a large landslide into Lake Washington.

Unlike sound, ground shaking can be amplified or attenuated (made less) depending on the type of material at the Earth’s surface. The Richter scale was developed in southern California in 1935 and was based on the local ground motion.

Liquefaction has caused significant damage during earthquakes in Washington. Sometimes Geologists can use the offset land surface to understand how much the fault moved during the earthquake. These large underwater slides only occur during very large earthquakes and are one way to learn about earthquakes that happened thousands of years ago. The Mercalli Intensity scale is another historical way to measure the intensity of an earthquake. The age of the earthquake is learned by dating the organic material in these tsunami deposits. The Survey conducts and publishes geologic mapping to identify and characterize faults throughout the state. This means that the internet, your cell phone, grocery stores, and gas stations may also not work. The map is from a, This car was parked on sand during the 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand. Since their initial discovery, research has shown that the actual number of earthquakes is somewhere between 5 and 10 for each change in magnitude. For earthquakes that occurred before seismographs were invented, the Mercalli Intensity scale was used to make maps of damage and determine the size and location of an earthquake. In this photo, visitors to Green Lake Park near Seattle, Washington, have parked their bicycles as they look at the cracks made by the April 1949 earthquake. Large earthquakes, like those from the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26, 1700, often create tsunamis. Large earthquakes are likely to happen in Washington during your lifetime. In Washington, the risk from earthquake-induced landslides is large. DO NOT get in a doorway. If a large earthquake happens, be prepared for many more earthquakes. This is similar to how sound is quieter when you move away from a speaker. Notable earthquakes in bold happened in Washington.

Sensitive seismographs located throughout the state, and all over the world, measure this seismic energy. We use the term ‘deep’ to talk about faults and earthquakes deeper than about 18 miles. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall down. The buildings sank when ground shaking weakened the underlying sediments. The 1949 earthquake near Tacoma triggered a landslide near the Tacoma Narrows that caused a local tsunami.

This kind of grouping gives us information about how common earthquakes might be and how large an area may be affected. At the Washington Geological Survey, ‘active’ means that a fault has evidence for movement within the Holocene time period (since about 12,000 years ago). This movement happens because stress builds up as tectonic plates move. All faults, regardless of size, can be dangerous if they rupture. Evacuate to higher ground if you are near a large body of water. In this sense, the shaking of the ground is the ‘sound’ of rocks breaking and moving deep within the Earth. The strength of ground shaking (called ‘strong motion’ by seismologists) usually decreases with distance from the earthquake source. The 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquake created a large tsunami from the fault rupture, and many smaller tsunamis from on-land and underwater landslides. Most injuries occur when people inside change rooms or try to leave the building.

When earthquakes occur on faults that reach the Earth’s surface, the ground may rupture. Image from the Pacific Geoscience Center of the Natural Resources of Canada. Although we know much about active faults and earthquakes, there is much more to learn. The Seattle fault is a good example of a fault that is mostly reverse. Even if the earthquake is too small to be felt by people, seismographs can detect it. Earthquakes in Washington today. Find articles, news, videos, pictures, links and facts about Washington.

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