Arizona State University archaeologist Professor Saburo Sugiyama’s equally meticulous surveying discovered a standard linear unit there that measured just 32.68 inches (0.83 of a metre).xxii On the face of it, his findings could be used to dismiss Harleston’s apparently exorbitant claims, given that Sugiyama’s unit of length is shorter than that found by Harleston, but we need to delve deeper here. Thanks for stopping by, Greg. 1973), with relevant alignments.

American Antiquity 41 :5 10-5 17. Azimuths (A), horizon altitudes (h), declination (6), and sunrise and sunset dates corresponding to the alignment perpendicular to the Street of the Dead, for an observer on top of the Pyramid of the Sun. Illustrated map of Teotihuacan (paired with a newsy angle) Papergreat, established in 2010, is a daily blog about ephemera, books, history, postcards, all things paper, vintage advertising, and folklore. In fact, we can regard these disciplines as practically irrational and still in their infancy. Teotihuacan was built at the same latitude as Giza – 29.975°. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Yet the Aztecs regarded Teotihuacán as a place of veneration and pilgrimage, not least because it was where they believed the contemporary world age – that of the fifth sun – was created.iv. The Earth has grown mainly in the Pacific which caused a massive push on the other side of the hemisphere. A few Spaniards charged on horseback and managed to kill the Snake Woman, the Aztecs’ totemic battle leader, whereupon the brutal assemblage immediately dispersed from the field.ii For the Aztecs, this was a place of most powerful portents. Geologists say these layers are many millions of years old. Sanders, W. T., J. R. Parsons, and R. S. Santley. A. Sabloff, pp. The practice of human sacrifice therefore may have been an attempt to placate the forces of the cosmos, or gods, in order to avert another catastrophe that could bring to an end the existing order of the world. No tags found. That is the reason why this list is not published without a severe study to every single monument, and that work will still take many years to come. presented in a language understandable for anyone. When Hawkins examined Teotihuacán’s stellar alignments, he also noticed that the Avenue of the Dead at its northern end pointed towards the brightest star in the constellation of Ursa Major.xiv 5 This alignment takes on a profound significance when it is seen in the context of Mesoamerican cosmology, where Ursa Major was symbolised as a cosmic bird. It is known that the gridpattern characterizing the city layout of Teotihuacan incorporates two slightly different groups of align- ments, skewed approximately 15.5" and 16.5" clockwise from cardinal directions. Cuadernos de Arquitectura Mesoamericana No. the two pairs of dates could have been registered on both horizons with a single alignment. To get to the core of this impressive giant of a structure, it is necessary to separate beliefs and assumptions from facts. Urbanization at Teoti- huachn, Mexico, vol. In short, Harleston’s findings imply the existence of a highly sophisticated science dating from at least the time of Teotihuacán’s apogee, and from perhaps long before then. The mural’s background red colour is probably very similar that of Teotihuacán’s principal pyramids when the City was occupied. By using the whole matrix of over 910 ancient structures spread around the globe, we were able to reconstruct with advanced mathematics what really happened with the Earth’s crust over the last 440,000 years. There has already been enough said and written about Teotihuacan, so it is pointless to repeat it all over again – there are enough sources to consult. If we imagine the Earth as a perfect sphere, then Teotihuacán’s 19.4° N latitude is very close to the upper edge of a tetrahedron within that sphere when the position of the tetrahedron’s inverted apex rests on the Earth’s geographic South Pole.

Figure 2. In their attempt to debunk this figurine they make a big mess of geology, drilling engineering, and human intelligence. Las dos estructuras, registrando las salidas y puestas del Sol en dos series diferentes defechas, posibili- taron el uso de un calendario observacional compuesto por intervalos que incluian mu'ltiplos de 20 dias y un period0 de 260 dias. Cabrera castro, R. 1991 Secuencia atquitectCvnica y cronol6gica de La Ciudadela. The Mexican researcher Victor Torres believes that the same celestial configuration is present in the layout of Teotihuacán itself. After analysing Dow’s data Hawkins concluded that Teotihuacán possessed a ‘cosmic orientation’ that had been ‘chosen and forced into the landscape’.xiii. Translated. ico. 31-60. Consequently, the criteria for the location of the Pyramid of the Sun probably included the desire that Cerro Colorado on the eastern horizon should have marked sunrises on the quarter days of the year. As revealed by the Teotihua- can Mapping Project, the same general orientation of the grid pattern, adopted everywhere in the city since the Tzacualli phase (A.D. 1-150), is actually composed of two slightly different orientation groups, incorporated into different parts of the urban layout (Dow 1967:326; Millon 1973:17,37-38,52; Millon et al.

Fig.

Observing at whatever spot within the area permissible for the temple's construction, the peak of Cerro Gordo was situated roughly along the perpendicular to the required east-west alignment; it can be imagined that the place, which not only satisfied astronomical cri- teria but also allowed a building with rectangular ground plan to be oriented in its north-south dimen- sion to the impressive mountain to the north, acquired an enormous symbolic significance (Figure 2). 269-290. Note that the next crustal shift is not expected to happen in the next few centuries. When was the last time we were able to verify the data. . When ice sheets form on the poles, they take water from the oceans and store them in thick ice packs–which have a great deal of weight.

1993 Mesoamerican Cross-Circle Designs Revisited.

At these latitudes, the exteriors of the solar system’s heavenly bodies (specifically at 19.47° both north and south of the equator) display evidence of excess heat and other forms of energetic activity.xxx The gaseous vortex we see as Jupiter’s red spot is perhaps the best known example of this phenomenon, but there are many others.xxxi. 103-1 15. It is thus evident that diverse architectural complexes composing the city layoutfollowed the orientation of certain important buildings, and that only the orientations of the latter were astronomically functional and precise. 1988; Broda 1993; Galindo 1994; the horizon on certain dates of the tropical year Iwaniszewski 1994; Morante 1993, 1996; Ponce de (Aveni 199 1 ;Aveni and Gibbs 1976; Aveni and Har- Le6n 1982; Tichy 1991). In Arqueoastronomia y etnoastronomia en Mesoame'rica,edited by J. Broda, S. Iwaniszewski, and L. MaupomC, pp. 1991 Observaciones sobre el planeamiento de Teotihuach: El llamado trazo cuadricular y las orientaciones a 10s pun- tos cardinales. 217-227.

The pyramids of Giza are very accurately oriented to the current North pole. Indeed, religion may have played an important role in the foundation and growth of Teotihuacan (Cowgill 1992). 1981 Caves, Gods, and Myths: World-View and Planning in Teotihuacan. 1973), with relevant alignments.

In Archaeoastronomy in the 1990s, edited by C. L. N. Ruggles, pp.

The most striking visual and architectural structure of Teotihuacan is the towering Pyramid of the Sun (a manmade sacred mountain whose original name and function is unknown). It was precisely the rotating or continuous 260day cycle, such as is known to have existed, that could have sim- plified predictive calendrical computations based on known obse~ational schemes (Sprajc 1999). They, Why Teotihuacan was Abandoned by its Builders, Fig. 267-275. The evidence discussed above suggests that the city layout of Teotihuacan incorporated alignments dic- tated by the astronomically significant orientations of the Pyramid of the Sun and the Ciudadela, and that the place for the construction of the Sun Pyra- mid, the oldest and biggest of the main temples, was selected on astronomical grounds, which included the purpose of employing a prominent peak on the local horizon as a natural marker of the Sun's posi- tion on the so-called quarter days of the year. © Dave Truman 2019. …It is scarcely possible to avoid the conclusion, orthodox in every age but the present, that the cosmic canon inherent in the solar system as in every other department of nature, was revealed to men, not invented by them.i. If so, reli- gious concepts and the associated political ideology may have become significant components of social cohesion, necessary for agricultural intensification and political centralization that can account for the massive population nucleation attested in Teotihua- can from 100 B.C. Modern archaeologists are painstakingly recovering a certain kind of knowledge of Teotihuacán’s past in the bones, stones, pottery and middens left behind by time. 1991 Propiedades geomCtrico-astronbmicas en la arquitectura prehispanica. Astronomical alignments and heavenly proportions.

Most of the evidence is gone now or scrambled and jumbled, leaving one big mess behind. 1979 The Basin of Mexico: Ecological Processes in the Evo- lution of a Civilization. Ponce de Le6n H., A.

: La cueva bajo la Pirfunide del Sol. 1973)' According to Dow (1967:326- 327), the Pyramid of the Sun, the Street of the Dead, and most of the buildings in the central area of the city exhibit a clockwise deviation of about 15%' with respect to the cardinal directions, while the Ciu- dadela and two major avenues running east and west of it are skewed approximately 16'30' south of east; in several building complexes the north-south walls align with azimuths around 15'30'and the east-west lines run about 16'30' south of east, whereas in other cases it is difficult to say which of the two major ori- entations was being followed.

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