Because the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.048, Jupiter's distance from the Sun varies by 75 million km between its nearest approach (perihelion) and furthest distance (aphelion). The discovery of this relatively small object, a testament to his keen eyesight, quickly made him famous. According to solarsystem.nasa.gov, the size of the Planet is unparalleled. [24] In late February 2007, Jupiter was visited by the New Horizons probe, which used Jupiter's gravity to increase its speed and bend its trajectory en route to Pluto. Ganymede, the largest of these, has a diameter greater than that of the planet Mercury. [163] There is also evidence of a rocky ring strung along Amalthea's orbit which may consist of collisional debris from that moon. It has since increased in intensity and changed color from white to red. EJSM/Laplace would have consisted of the NASA-led Jupiter Europa Orbiter and the ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter. The pressure at the center of Jupiter is much higher. The gravity at Jupiter’s surface is 2.5 times the gravity on Earth. This is seen most dramatically in the extraordinary volcanic activity of innermost Io (which is subject to the strongest tidal forces), and to a lesser degree in the geological youth of Europa's surface (indicating recent resurfacing of the moon's exterior). Join us at patreon.com/universetoday. The merged feature was named Oval BA, and has been nicknamed Red Spot Junior. That is approximately the weight of four cars! The orbit of the material veers towards Jupiter and new material is added by additional impacts.

[154] A subsequent proposal was developed for a joint NASA/ESA mission called EJSM/Laplace, with a provisional launch date around 2020.

All of that water presses on your body–and that's pressure.

[166] The largest is 624 Hektor. Jupiter is made up almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. It is convenient to treat hydrogen as gas extending downward from the cloud layer to a depth of about 1,000 km,[49] and as liquid in deeper layers. It is named after the Roman god Jupiter. Since then, the large number of new small outer moons has complicated this picture. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), Jupiter might have captured a comet as a temporary moon, NASA’s Solar System Exploration Guide to Jupiter, https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK–MdCSg, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw, Episode 694: Interview: Fred Watson, Australia's Astronomer at Large, Episode 693: Open Space 92: Why I Hate Embargoed News Stories, and More…, Episode 692: Open Space 91: Any Updates on Venus? Jupiter is covered in swirling cloud stripes. [40], The best known feature of Jupiter is the Great Red Spot,[70] a persistent anticyclonic storm that is larger than Earth, located 22° south of the equator. [74][75] The storm is large enough to be visible through Earth-based telescopes with an aperture of 12 cm or larger. Earth overtakes Jupiter every 398.9 days as it orbits the Sun, a duration called the synodic period. Jupiter is the only planet whose barycenter with the Sun lies outside the volume of the Sun, though by only 7% of the Sun's radius.

The Chinese historian Xi Zezong has claimed that Gan De, an ancient Chinese astronomer, discovered one of Jupiter's moons in 362 BC with the unaided eye. 08:24 Are black holes gaining mass faster than they're evaporating? [69] This field is thought to be generated by eddy currents—swirling movements of conducting materials—within the liquid metallic hydrogen core. One day after Galileo, Simon Marius independently discovered moons around Jupiter, though he did not publish his discovery in a book until 1614. [45] However, recent computer simulations suggest that Jupiter does not cause a net decrease in the number of comets that pass through the inner Solar System, as its gravity perturbs their orbits inward roughly as often as it accretes or ejects them. [43], Theoretical models indicate that if Jupiter had much more mass than it does at present, it would shrink. This was created when several smaller, white oval-shaped storms merged to form a single feature—these three smaller white ovals were first observed in 1938. [96], Jupiter's rotation is the fastest of all the Solar System's planets, completing a rotation on its axis in slightly less than ten hours; this creates an equatorial bulge easily seen through an Earth-based amateur telescope. NASA's JIMO (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) was cancelled in 2005.

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