The result of a non-disjunction event is daughter cells that have an abnormal number of chromosomes. Students should include the fact that prokaryotes have single circular chromosome and divide by copying the chromosome and then the cell physically separating in the process of binary fission. 134. 21. 117. (ii) In a typical translocation there is an exchange of non-homologous chromosomes.

Inversions do not result in a gain or loss of genetic material, and they have deleterious effects only if one of the chromosomal breaks occurs within an essential gene or if the function of a gene is altered by its relocation to a new chromosomal neighbourhood (called the position effect). • 136. Cytokinesis refers to the division of the: 36. At the end of the division process, duplicated chromosomes are divided equally between two cells. A mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes totaling 3, c. 6 maternal or 6 paternal chromosomes each time, d. A mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes totaling 6. 122. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by: b. 96. 24.

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals because. They may be either terminal (occurrence at the end of chromosome) or intercalary when changes occur in the middle of chromosome. A eukaryotic chromosome is made up of: 15. Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA.

83. This has shown to be due to non-disjunction of the X chromosomes. a. one nucleus containing twice as much DNA as the parent nucleus. 14. Polyploidy does arise spontaneously in humans, but all polyploids either abort in utero or die shortly after birth. In general, the division of the cell, called ________________, follows immediately upon mitosis. Which of the following does not take place during the G1 or G2 phases of the cell cycle? b. Chromosomes without chromatids line up at the equator, d. Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs. Fertilized by sperms of normal red eyed male, three eggs should produce eight different types of zygotes. From the G2 of interphase through metaphase. Two important principles dictate the properties of a large proportion of structural chromosomal changes. Recessive lethals can be of added advantage because heterozygotes for them will be viable but homozygous non viable. e. along with the other member of the homologous pair toward the metaphase plate. 113. In a diploid a heterozygous deletion results in a cell that has one normal chromosome set and another set that contains a truncated chromosome. 40.

(e) Translocation or Transposed duplication: In this case the duplicate segment is attached to a non-homologous chromosome. In Drosophila Bridges found that some individuals which are definitely homozygous for recessive genes were found to exhibit the dominant characters. Matching Test: Each choice may be used more than once. All of the following are characteristics of telophase of mitosis, EXCEPT, b. each chromosome is made of two chromatids. b. Chapters 8 and 9 (part) in Tobin & Duschek; Chapter 11 in Audesirk. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. 103. 5. 53. e. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate. The result of a non-disjunction event is daughter cells that have an abnormal number of chromosomes. Almost all from one parent, usually the mother, c. Half from the father and half from the mother, d. The X comes from the mother and the autosomes come from the father, e. A random mixing of chromosomes from both parents, 77. Content Guidelines 2.

The simplest, but perhaps most damaging, structural change is a deletion—the complete loss of a part of one chromosome. A classical case of deficiency was discovered and worked out by Bridges in 1917. 127. In other words, they carry duplications for some and deficiencies for other genes. If there are 20 centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there? 106.

28. The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic composition. Furthermore in allelosomal translocation interchange of segments occur between non-homologous chromosomes. There are different ways in which the chromosomes associated in a ring or chain may be distributed to the gametes formed as a result of meiosis. 132. In fact, the discovery of visible chromosomal differences between species has given rise to the belief that radical restructuring of chromosome architecture has been an important force in evolution. In translocation, segments of equal or unequal lengths are exchanged between two members of a homologous pair, or between non-homologous chromosomes. (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Symptoms may include short stature, webbed neck, kidney or heart malformations, underdeveloped sex characteristics, or sterility. 3 maternal and 3 paternal chromosomes each time, b. c. four nuclei containing half as much DNA as the parent nucleus. The average time for a complete cell cycle to occur in the petri plate is 24 hours. [Heterozygous translocations are semi-sterile. It is widely used for chemotherapy in treating cancer patients whose cancer cells are actively dividing to form tumors. Changes in chromosome number are usually the result of what? Bridges crossed them to normal red-eyed males and observed in their offspring the secondary non-disjunction.

46. Separate sister chromatids during anaphase, c. Reduce the number of chromosomes by half, d. Increase genetic variability by crossing over, e. To allow homologous chromosomes to pair up. (b) What is trisomy? If there are 12 chromosomes in a cell that has just completed meiosis II, what is the diploid number of chromosomes for that organism?

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