The first question about the ‘Constitution Alteration (Parliament) 1967’, known as the ‘nexus question’, related to Section 24 of the Australian Constitution. This became a major confrontation that raised Aboriginal affairs high on the political agenda in the federal election later that year. On 27 May 1967, two questions were put to voters. It was some five years before any real change occurred as a result of the referendum, but federal legislation has since been enacted covering land rights, discriminatory pra… [10][Note 2] "Full-bloods" were then subtracted from the official population figure in accordance with the legal advice from the Attorney-General. The results of the nexus question, which can be seen in the left-hand column of the document, show that the alteration did not pass. It did not receive a double majority, as it received only 40.25% of the vote and only NSW voted in favour. [62], In the 1992 Mabo judgement, the High Court of Australia established the existence of Native Title in Australian Common Law. [27] The number of people in section 24 is calculated using the latest statistics of the Commonwealth which are derived from the census. Amendments to the Commonwealth Electoral Act in 1962 meant that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people already had the right to vote in Commonwealth elections. [16] The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1949 gave Aboriginal people the right to vote in federal elections only if they were able to vote in their state elections (they were disqualified from voting altogether in Queensland, while in Western Australia and the Northern Territory the right was conditional), or if they had served in the defence force. A speech made by Prime Minister Harold Holt on 28 May 1967, in response to Referendum results - page 1. A lot of misconceptions have arisen as to the outcomes of the referendum, some as a result of it taking on a symbolic meaning during a period of increasing Aboriginal self-confidence. However, the effectiveness of these policies has been tempered by an unwillingness of most federal governments to deal with the difficult issues involved in tackling recalcitrant state governments. First Australians have long fought for equal rights and opportunities. The Australian Board of Missions, the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, the Australian Aborigines League, the Australian Council of Churches, the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI), and spokespeople such as Ruby Hammond, Bill Onus and Faith Bandler are just some of the many groups and individuals who effectively utilised the media and their influential platforms to generate the momentum needed to achieve a landslide "Yes" vote.[18][12]. In the meantime, his Liberal colleague Billy Wentworth had introduced a private member's bill proposing inter alia to amend Section 51(xxvi). It [12] Despite a failed attempt in the 1944 Referendum, minimal changes were instigated for Aboriginal rights until the 1960s, where the Bark Petition in 1963 and the ensuing Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd and Commonwealth of Australia (Gove Land Rights Case),[13][14] and Gurindji Strike highlighted the negative treatment of Indigenous workers in the Northern Territory. [38], At this time territorians, while able and required to vote in elections, were not permitted to vote in referendums. The referendum was carried. In the referendum, 90.77% of Australians had voted to remove the words ‘other than the aboriginal race in any State’ from Section 51 (xxvi) and to delete Section 127 from the. The first was to alter the legal boundaries within which the Federal Government could act. The vote was also carried in all states making it the most unified response to a referendum question. ... 'Vote Yes for Aborigines' draws on rarely seen archival footage and attempts to answer the question of what came of the 1967 referendum. Commonwealth of Australia, Writ for a Referendum - By Her Majesty the Queen for a proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution, entitled "Constitution Alteration (Aboriginals) 1967" from Referendum, 27 May 1967: ephemera, Bain Attwood & Andrew Markus, The 1967 referendum: race, power and the Australian Constitution (Canberra:  Aboriginal Studies Press, 2007), For records of all referenda, plebsicites and elections contact the Australian Electoral Comission, Bain Attwood et al., The 1967 referendum, or, When Aborigines didn't get the vote (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1997). Influential individuals and campaigns drove change in areas such as voting rights, constitutional change and land rights. The 1967 referendum did not give Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples the right to vote. The 1967 Referendum was not about granting Indigenous Australians the right to vote. [50], The benefits of the referendum began to flow to Aboriginal people in 1972. The first question about the ‘Constitution Alteration (Parliament) 1967’, known as the ‘nexus question’, related to Section 24 of the Australian Constitution. Two questions were asked: Question 1: to remove the requirement that the number of members of the House of Representatives must be roughly double the number of senators (not carried); and. This situation continued until 1971. [9] His legal advice was that "half-castes" were not "aboriginal natives". [16] That was not established until 1977. Enjoy a CovidSafe visit to the National Library. 1967 referendum ad by the Liberal Party. It was some five years before any real change occurred as a result of the referendum,[16] but federal legislation has since been enacted covering land rights,[41][42] discriminatory practices,[43] financial assistance,[44][45] and preservation of cultural heritage.[46]. The referendum proposed that the Australian … The amendment deleted the text in bold from Clause xxvi (known as the "race" or "races" power): The people of any race, other than the aboriginal race in any State, for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws;[19], The amendment gave the Commonwealth parliament power to legislate with respect to Aborigines living in a state; the parliament has unfettered power in regard to territories under section 122 of the Constitution. [1] The most important effect of the "nexus" in the Australian Constitution is to prevent the dilution of the collective voting power of the Senate, which represents the Australian states equally, in any joint sitting of both houses following a double dissolution election. [16][32][33], From 1944 until 1967 Aboriginal people in Western Australia had to apply to become citizens, and this citizenship was conditional on denouncing their heritage and could be taken away at any time. Papers of Dr. Barry Christophers, 1959-2003 MS 7992 - Boxes 23-27Papers largely relate to Dr. Barry's involvement with FCAATSI and his interest in indigenous issues, the trust fund campaign and the 1967 Referendum.

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