In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of Mexico City almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. As is also true in Europe and the United States, many residents of the city are employed in informal jobs hidden beyond ordinary sight, including those working as live-in maids and unlicensed child-care providers, as well as those engaged in more nefarious pursuits, such as drug dealing, prostitution, and black marketeering. Originally much of the valley lay beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. Greater Mexico City is the largest metropolitan area in Mexico and the area with the highest population density. By draining the area, the mosquito population dropped as did the frequency of the diseases they spread. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside Mexico City, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico. Unrest followed for the next several decades, as different factions fought for control of Mexico. [109] According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world and the richest in Latin America. Recent exhibits have included those on David LaChapelle, Antony Gormley and Ron Mueck. [117] In 1921, Mexico City had less than one million inhabitants. In late 2016 they transported an average of 1.1 million passengers daily. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) This was the case even though this government could not handle the population and pollution problems adequately. Beginning in 2005, the NASCAR Nationwide Series ran the Telcel-Motorola México 200. [118] With a population of approximately 19.8 million inhabitants (2008),[119] it is one of the most populous conurbations in the world. Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. United Nations - World Population Prospects, Mexico City, Mexico Metro Area Population 1950-2020, The current metro area population of Mexico City in 2020 is, The metro area population of Mexico City in 2019 was, The metro area population of Mexico City in 2018 was, The metro area population of Mexico City in 2017 was. Mexico City’s huge international airport, now virtually surrounded by development in the northeastern part of the city, handles both national and international flights. [14][15] Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world. Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. Mexico's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people, the other being Quito, Ecuador. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Mexico City's 2020 population is now estimated at 21,782,378.

Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías (dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets), including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometers (37 miles) from Polanco to Fierro del Toro, which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park, near the Morelos state line. The Cineteca Nacional (the Mexican Film Library), near the Coyoacán suburb, shows a variety of films, and stages many film festivals, including the annual International Showcase, and many smaller ones ranging from Scandinavian and Uruguayan cinema, to Jewish and LGBT-themed films. Three years later, a demonstration in the Maestros avenue, organized by former members of the 1968 student movement, was violently repressed by a paramilitary group called "Los Halcones", composed of gang members and teenagers from many sports clubs who received training in the U.S. On Thursday, 19 September 1985, at 7:19 am CST, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1[63] on the Richter magnitude scale.

Indian residences were outside that exclusive zone and houses were haphazardly located. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole. Fees are kept low to encourage use of the system and during rush hours the crush is so great, that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. [92], The lack of a de jure stipulation left a legal vacuum that led to a number of sterile discussions about whether one concept had engulfed the other or if the latter had ceased to exist altogether. Economically, Mexico City prospered as a result of trade.

[38] 620,416) Electric transport other than the metro also exists, in the form of several Mexico City trolleybus routes and the Xochimilco Light Rail line, both of which are operated by Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos. Mexico City’s population density is estimated to be 6,000 per square kilometer. Mexico City has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb), due to its tropical location but high elevation. At the beginning of the 20th century, the elites began migrating to the south and west and soon the small towns of Mixcoac and San Ángel were incorporated by the growing conurbation. [176] The Universidad Tecnológica de México is also in Mexico City. Greater Mexico City is formed by Mexico City, 60 municipalities from the State of Mexico and one from the state of Hidalgo. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America,[64] it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government.

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