Wine and carobs were also exported to Egypt during this period. The shepherds, the herald angels singing, the three kings, and even a drummer boy – all these are the traditional story of Christmas we have come to cherish. The setting we portray with carved wood and ceramic figurines on our fireplace mantles is not anything like the real life circumstances which surrounded the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem more than two thousand years ago.

The entire downtown area was decorated for the Christmas season like a scene from a classic movie. The production capacity apparent from archaeological remains and the frequent biblical references to wine suggest that it was the principal alcoholic beverage of the ancient Israelites.

[21][36][82], Another seasoning was vinegar, which was produced by extra fermentation of new wine. To make money, these laborers--farmers, herdsmen, and fishermen--would typically trade their goods to artisans like leatherworkers and tent makers or weavers and clothes makers. To a certain extent, they create the Bible stories in their own image in their mind, in their art, in their drama, in their music, and even in their literature. [12], After the grape harvest in mid-summer, most grapes were taken to wine presses to extract their juice for winemaking. That story we all grew up with and have heard so many times – well, the events didn’t actually take place the way we’ve always been told. Although there is a great deal we do not know about Israelite marriage, the biblical texts that speak about it tell us that many Israelite marriage customs were unlike those of modern western societies. [14], A variety of breads were produced. The grass became a golden color after it dried in the late spring heat, but was just as nutritious and available all summer and fall. Contrary to popular tradition, Joseph was not a wood carpenter.

[27]According to Tova Dickstein, a researcher at Neot Kedumim in Israel, ashishim were honey-dipped pancakes made from crushed red lentils and sesame seeds. Spices for special feasts were imported by the wealthy and royalty from Arabia and India and were highly valued. [46], Figs are one of the biblical Seven Species and are frequently mentioned in the Bible (for example, 1 Samuel 25:18, 1 Samuel 30:12 and 1 Chronicles 12:41).

However, even at Philistine sites, pig remains were a small proportion of the bones discovered, and these decline after the initial period of settlement. The introduction of common wheat, which contained more starch and had a higher level of gluten, spread the use of wheat for bread-making and led to the production of loaves that were more lightly textured than barley and durum wheat breads.[25]. Visit the HSC Ancient History: Exam Prep & Syllabus page to learn more. Since dried fruit is an efficient source of energy, such were prepared as provisions for journeys and long marches. It snowed only rarely in most of ancient Israel, and snow generally melted within a day of falling, so grass was never covered for long. Feeding crops to animals was also a means of "storage on the hoof" with the animals converting the fodder into meat or milk. [38] In these arid areas, the date was sometimes the only plant-food available and was a primary component of the diet, but it was less important elsewhere. The manger was simply a feeding trough. Sites in the highlands and the coastal plains show low levels of pig utilization in the early Iron Age, but on the coastal plain, excavations such as Ekron show a higher consumption of pig; this is usually associated with the arrival of the Philistines. For example, ancient Mesopotamian recipes describe foods cooked with animal blood and milk added to meat stews; this would have been avoided by the ancient Israelites. When winter rains began in November and December, new green grasses were again generated. I’ve taught thousands of university students in Jerusalem and in the Galilee, and taken them over a hundred times for field study in every location from Nazareth to Bethlehem.

Olive oil is also mentioned on the Samaria and Arad ostraca. Now, please don’t misunderstand. When winter rains began in November and December, new green grasses were again generated. How could we know all this, you may rightly ask? This was called the month of flowers, and it was the greenest and considered the most beautiful of all the months.

The Israelites typically wore tunics and sandals and ate whatever was produced in their area. Epigraphic sources include ostraca from Samaria and Arad. Each light post and semaphore along the street was festively adorned with giant red and white electric light candy canes, forest green garlands, and large silver bells with red ribbon bows. A description of the provisions for Solomon's kitchen also illustrates this: "Solomon's daily provisions consisted of 30 kor of fine flour and 60 kor of flour, 10 fat oxen, 20 pasture-fed oxen, and 100 sheep and goats, in addition to deer and gazelles, roebucks and fattened geese" (1 Kings 5:2–3). This was understood by the Pharisees at the time of Jesus and is referred to in several gospel accounts (Matt 2:5, John 7:42). I’ve taught thousands of university students in Jerusalem and in the Galilee, and taken them over a hundred times for field study in every location from Nazareth to Bethlehem. Jennifer Knust on the portrayal of prostitutes in the Hebrew Bible and New Testament. The temporary cradle in which the newborn Jesus was laid was actually a manger cut from stone!

Each household stored its own grain, and it is estimated that it required at least three hours of daily effort to produce enough flour to make sufficient bread for a family of five. Biblical references to eggs are only in reference to gathering them from the wild (for example, Deuteronomy 22:6–7 and Isaiah 10:14). credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities.

Seven basic agricultural products, called the Seven Species, are listed in the Bible: wheat, barley, figs, grapes, olives, pomegranates, and dates (Deut 8:8). Archaeological finds at Ashkelon and Gibeon indicate large-scale wine production in the 8th and 7th centuries BC, which most likely developed to supply the Assyrian empire, and then the Babylonians, as well as the local population. It even served as a sign from heaven. I loved those snowy nights each December, walking through our town park, where a hundred large trees were decorated with thousands of colorful lights.

[53][54] The Bible refers to several types of wine, and one of the Arad ostraca also mentions wine among the supplies being sent to a garrison of soldiers. These docile animals are easily led and completely at the mercy of their environment and predators.

The walnut reached Israel from Mesopotamia by at least 2000 BCE and is mentioned once in the Bible (Song of Solomon 6:11).

Rainwater from roofs and courtyards was collected in cisterns to supplement natural sources like springs and wells. Shepherds also cared for goats.

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