The morality police routinely harass and flog citizens for innocent displays of affection deemed morally inappropriate like hugging, kissing in public and homosexual acts. In November 2008, an addict father took 11-year old Sara from her aunt’s house to his home. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence recognizes four sources of sharia: the Quran, sunnah (authentic hadith), qiyas (analogical reasoning), and ijma (juridical consensus). 0000041367 00000 n 0000029810 00000 n The deteriorating economic situation in Iran and promotion of violence by the Iranian Islamist Regime, encouraging killing women and children, police beating up random people, executions in public, has created a very unhealthy society. 0000029698 00000 n 0000048242 00000 n 2, No. The state of human rights in Iran has been criticized both by Iranians and international human right activists, writers, and NGOs. According to Fox News, Iran publicly hanged a 31-year-old man in January for an alleged violation of the country’s anti-gay law. 0000047654 00000 n Imprisonment, fines, and other penalties can be implemented (the maximum being life imprisonment, usually for recidivists and serious criminals). 0000023902 00000 n The journal quotes an Iranian college student as saying, “most of the girls arrested are raped in jail. Reported abuses falling outside of the laws of the Islamic Republic that have been condemned include the execution of thousands of political prisoners in 1988, and the widespread use of torture to extract repudiations by prisoners of their cause and comrades on video for propaganda purposes. "[15] The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. Iran followed the traditional Islamic practice of each judge giving his own interpretation of Islamic law for a given litigation, with no right of appeal. [33] The new Islamic Penal Code was adopted in January 2012 and incorporates the bulk of penal laws in the IRI, replacing Books One through Four of the old code.

0000026050 00000 n Protesters were met with mass arrests and live ammunition. All they found was a charred body, a burnt doll and Sara’s burnt trophies from school. 0000021386 00000 n However, Iran uses the lunar Islamic calendar to determine criminal age, meaning some "eighteen-year olds" would actually still be seventeen years old. While that is true in some circumstances, diyyeh is almost always negotiated between the victim (or his/her family) and the perpetrator's family. 1 . According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic, the judiciary in Iran "is an independent power". Nonetheless human rights groups and observers have complained that torture is frequently used on political prisoners in Iran. You've successfully subscribed to this newsletter! The penal code also has a very loose definition of “treason,” which includes crimes as vague as “acts against national security,” “questioning the leaders policies” and participation in “insurrectional movements,” a catchall term generally reserved for any dissident or anti-government protesters who dare speak out against the central government. They are very rarely applied in practice, because they require a high standard of proof and if the person is repentant or if there is any reasonable doubt, it may not be carried out. Iran extracts confessions from prisoners through various forms of torture and other dehumanizing treatment. The outcome of the fundamentalist interpretation of Sharia in Iran, though not as harsh as in Saudi Arabia or that of the Taliban, did include the exclusion of women from judgeship, the imposition of Islamic code of dress on women, and inclusion of strict Sharia rules in the judiciary. 0000041417 00000 n Hadd-Strafen (arabisch حد, DMG ḥadd ‚Grenze‘, Plural حدود, DMG ḥudūd) sind nach dem islamischen Recht Strafen, die zum Schutz des Eigentums, der öffentlichen Sicherheit und der öffentlichen Moral verhängt werden und als „Rechtsansprüche Gottes“ (ḥuqūq Allāh; sg. "[citation needed], Due to the power and scope of the institutions of velayat-e-faqih (Guardianship of the Clergy), which includes the Council of Guardians and the Office of the Supreme Leader, as well as the Judiciary, elected institutions such as the Majlis and the Office of the President are often unable to challenge laws because they are constitutional. [citation needed], In an intentional case, the money must be paid at once, and the person must remain in prison until the money is paid. The IBA was founded in 1915 and organised under the supervision of the judicial system until 1953, when it was granted legal personality. 0000019859 00000 n 0000043030 00000 n As such, the legal definition of apostasy is subject to the individual interpretation of the judge. 0000043811 00000 n 0000019000 00000 n One recent case documents the traumatic experiences of Pastor Victor Bet-Tamraz and his wife Shamiram Issavi, ethnic Assyrian Christians, along with Amin Afshar Naderi and Hadi Asgari, who converted to Christianity from Islam.

The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission have condemned prior and ongoing abuses in Iran in published critiques and several resolutions. 0000030411 00000 n Princeton Professor Mirjam Künkler writes "It is not difficult to see how the SCC, given its legal status outside any accountable, transparent check by a governmental office other than the Office of the Supreme Leader, could transform into the Supreme Leaders’ primary instrument to discipline and prosecute dissident clerics. A deterrent crime is a tazir crime that has a punishment in Iran's Penal Code (mostly based on pre-Revolutionary French civil law). 0000035243 00000 n Shortly after the overthrow of the monarchy, Revolutionary Tribunals were set up in the major towns, with two courts in the capital of Tehran - one each in the prison of Qasr and Evin, and one traveling tribunal for Hojjat al-Islam Sadegh Khalkhali, who was known for his stiff sentences (often execution). 0000028730 00000 n [47] Nobel Peace laureate Shirin Ebadi condemned the hanging of Asgari and Marhoni as a violation of Iran's obligations under the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, which bans such executions. If the death/injury was unintentional, the perpetrator must pay diyya, he/she cannot receive qisas. 0000042068 00000 n Like 74 other countries in the world, Iran carries out capital punishment. In 2012, the penal code was amended to officially remove stoning as a punishment (although it could still technically be applied in unspecified circumstances). 0000038450 00000 n The Head of the Judiciary may delegate full authority to the Minister of Justice in financial and administrative areas and for employment of personnel other than judges. The Law of 16 July 1962 declares that Sharia governs personal status laws of Muslims, with Sunni and Ja'afari Shia jurisdiction of Sharia. 0000024337 00000 n 0000047485 00000 n The official rate that diyyeh is a price equal to 100 camels (this precedent was set by Prophet Muhammad). 0000039820 00000 n 0000048015 00000 n Ebadi has also protested that while "the Islamic Revolution had anointed the Muslim family the centerpiece of its ideology of nation" and envisions a "restoration of traditional and authentic values" through women playing the role of "Muslim mother" staying home to care for "her multiplying brood," at the same time its family law automatically grants fathers custody "in the event of divorce," and makes "polygamy as convenient as a second mortgage. According to the Minority Rights Group, in 1985 Iran became “the fourth country ever in the history of the United Nations” to be placed on the agenda of the General Assembly because of “the severity and the extent of this human rights record”. ... Sharia law. As a woman, if I want to get a passport to leave the country, have surgery, even to breathe almost, I must have permission from my husband.”. Davar subsequently attempted to expand the new system into other cities of Iran through a programme involving training of 250 judges.[5].

Drug addicts are usually not prosecuted if they enter into one of these programs, with the goal being weaning people off the drugs. 0000030946 00000 n 0000047385 00000 n 0000011527 00000 n [citation needed]. -Possession of 5000 grams/5 kilograms of opium/marijuana/cannabis/prescription drugs/industrial chemical drugs/hemp juice. [citation needed], Tazir crimes are considered "claims of the state", so criminals will generally receive a tazir punishment even if they avoided qisas or hadd. 0000038773 00000 n They had been convicted of sodomizing and raping a 13-year-old boy in 2004, and other charges included alcohol consumption, theft, and disturbing the peace. 0000030000 00000 n 0000034111 00000 n People who commit crimes such as theft can face arcane flogging sentences as codified by the Iranian penal code, according to Amnesty International.

0000023752 00000 n 0000026586 00000 n banking, "has decreed that government borrowing on the basis of a fixed rate of return from the nationalized banking system would not amount to interest and would hence be permissible." 0000027630 00000 n During the 2009 Green Movement, Iranians took to the streets in response to the fraudulent reelection of hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, with some analysts projecting the possibility of the overthrow of the regime. 0000025722 00000 n Mohamed Ariff. The second prohibition is on drinking and selling alcohol. Extracted confessions and public executions are sometimes broadcast on state television. He wanted to shoot her a few times but was not able to. 2887 0 obj <>stream 0000022837 00000 n Vol. In 1979, more than 800 people were executed. The government of Iran is criticized both for restrictions and punishments that follow the Islamic Republic’s constitution and law, and for actions that do not, such as the torture, rape, and killing of political prisoners, and the beatings and killings of dissidents and other civilians. : ḥaqq Allāh) gelten.

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