The use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine represents in principle a sort of preexisting clinical testing and a shortcut to biologically active compounds but the translation of enthobotanical knowledge into commercialized products is far from simple.135 For one thing, many traditional medicines are not based on the Hippocratic principles of disease. The true GAS infection in patients with symptomatic pharyngitis has been reported to be 13.5% from Northern India (Nandi et al., 2001), to 44.7% in Zagreb, Croatia (Begovac et al., 1993).

1, June 2003, WHO, p. 10, Facts on Suicide Rates, First Nations and Inuit Health, Health Canada, Articles with dead external links since September 2010, Articles with dead external links since June 2010, Articles with dead external links since October 2011, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Definitions and identity of indigenous peoples, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), Category:Indigenous peoples of the Americas, File:Social housing in Ilulissat, Greenland.jpg, Friends of Peoples Close to Nature (fPcN), Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee (IPACC), International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), International Day of the World’s Indigenous People, United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Indigenous Peoples Climate Change Assessment Initiative, http://web.archive.org/web/20100714021655/http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf, Operational Policy 4.10 – Indigenous Peoples, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Philippines: Overview, 2007, Negritos, Australian Aborigines, and the proto-sundadont dental pattern: The basic populations in East Asia, United NationsDeclaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (A/RES/61/295), Frequently Asked Questions: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations System, Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs, INDIGENOUS PEOPLEChakma Raja decries non-recognition, Old World Contacts/Colonists/Canary Islands, Little-known Indian tribe spotted in Peru's Amazon, Civilization.ca-Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage-Culture, Inuit Circumpolar Council (Canada)-ICC Charter, In the Kawaskimhon Aboriginal Moot Court Factum of the Federal Crown Canada, Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, Terminology of First Nations, Native, Aboriginal and Metis, Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data, Assembly of First Nations - Assembly of First Nations-The Story, Civilization.ca-Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage-object, Brazil sees traces of more isolated Amazon tribes, Natives in Russia's far east worry about vanishing fish, "Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies", Pygmy human remains found on rock islands, afrol News – Botswana govt gets tougher on San tribesmen.

J.A.M. The study of folk pharmacopoeias and ethnomedicine is the basis of the discovery of several important drugs and biological leads, as exemplified by digoxin, tubocurarine, ephedrine, atropine, and quinine.139 Not only plant-derived compounds but microbial products also owe their origin to ethnopharmacology, as cogently shown by cephalosporins, whose discovery was related to the study of the so-called ‘Cagliari paradox’, namely the very low incidence of cholera in this Sardinian town despite the lack of a public sewage system and the habit of the inhabitants to take a bath in the polluted waters of the Su Siccu beach, later found by Brotzu to be sterile because of the presence of the antibiotic-producing mold Cephalosporium acremomium.140 After their isolation by Brotzu in Cagliari, the development of cephalosporins as antibacterial agents was eventually carried out in England and their introduction into the clinic brought rich dividends to the National Research Development Corporation, a body set up in 1949 to exploit discoveries made by British universities and government laboratories.141 The clinical translation of the original discovery by Brotzu required considerable efforts from both academy and industry but in the highly politicized context of bioprospecting, can also be perceived as a blatant case of exploitation of both tangible (genetic resources) and intangible (knowledge) indigenous resources.

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